Improved catalytic stability and anti-coking ability of Ni/La2O3–Al2O3 catalyst by doping alkaline earth metals for n-decane reforming

In this paper, a series of alkaline earth metals oxides doped Ni/La₂O₃–Al₂O₃ catalysts were synthesized by the coprecipitation method combined with two step impregnation methods. n-decane reforming was used to investigate these catalysts, in order to develop an excellent catalyst with better hydrogen selectivity, activity, stability, as well as lower carbon deposition. Deactivation by carbon deposition, the catalyst regenerability and stability tests were also used to weigh the selected catalyst. These catalysts are characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, XRD, NH₃-TPD, Raman, and TEM. The introduction of alkaline earth metals modifiers enhances the activity, stability and anti-coking ability, meanwhile the SrO modified Ni/La₂O₃–Al₂O₃ shows the best catalytic activity. Moreover, the hydrogen selectivity and conversion over regenerative Ni/La₂O₃–Al₂O₃/SrO catalysts were quite close to the results of fresh ones. The enhancements of M oxides doped catalysts (especially Sr) can be due to the improved textural properties, basicity, metal-support interaction and anti-coking ability. As a consequence, loading different metals in different ways helps to gradually improve the stability, activity and coking inhibition of catalysts is an effective approach to obtain a multi-function catalyst.     

Viscosity effect of ionic liquid-assisted controlled growth of CH3NH3PbI3 nanoparticle-based planar perovskite solar cells

A precise control of the morphology and crystallization of perovskite thin-films is well-correlated to higher perovskite solar cells performances. Ionic liquids (ILs) can retard perovskite crystallization to aid the formation of films with uniform morphology to realize highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Herein, we attempt to control the nanostructural growth of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films by adding ILs to the perovskite spin-coating solution and investigate the effect of IL viscosity on the resulting CH₃NH₃PbI₃ nanoparticle (NP) thin films. NPs with desirable morphology were obtained using ILs with a low viscosity that completely dissolved in the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ solution. In particular, the IL tetrabutylammonium chloride yielded NPs with a diameter of 500 nm and controllable morphology, crystallinity, and absorption behavior, which led to improved photovoltaic performance compared with that of solar cells containing NPs produced using other ILs. Our findings revealed a pathway to obtain uniformly distributed CH₃NH₃PbI₃ NP thin films for use in perovskite solar cells. The developed method is well suited for large-scale production of perovskite thin films on flexible substrates.     

Facile preparation of large-area self-supported porous nickel phosphide nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Metal phosphide structures have been widely explored for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) owing to their high activity and durability, and the phosphidation reaction is very important for the preparation of metal phosphides. In this paper, we reported a facile, effective, and practical phosphidation strategy to prepare nickel phosphide structures by placing a Ni foam above the red phosphorus powder with a distance of 1 cm in a covered crucible. As-prepared self-supported hierarchical Ni₅P₄/NiP₂ biphase porous nanosheets exhibited an excellent HER activity. The overpotential for a current density of 10 mA/cm² and the Tafel slope are as low as 92 mV and 52.8 mV/dec, respectively, both of which are much better than those delivered by the Ni₅P₄ nanosheets prepared by the conventional carry-gas upstream-downstream method. The complete phosphidation reaction, high electrochemically active surface area, and the Ni₅P₄/NiP₂ biphasic synergistic effect account for the outstanding HER performance. Moreover, the porous Ni₅P₄/NiP₂ nanosheets exhibited excellent stability under both accelerated degradation test and long-term durability test. Besides, this method can be employed to prepare large-area self-supported hierarchical porous Ni₅P₄/NiP₂ nanosheets with nearly same HER activities and long-term stability, suggesting a high potential for practical application.     

不同晶相MnS制备及光解H2S制氢性能研究

采用溶剂热法成功制备了具有立方结构的α-MnS和六方结构的γ-MnS。通过X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis), 对样品的物相组成、显微形貌、光学性质进行了研究, 并对不同晶相MnS在可见光(λ > 420 nm)和全光谱下光解H₂S制氢性能进行了研究。结果表明: α, γ-MnS在可见光下都具有光解H₂S制氢活性, 且相比于热力学稳定相的α-MnS (4.24 μmol/(g·h)), 亚稳态的γ-MnS (23.38 μmol/(g·h))具有更好的催化性能。相对于可见光, α, γ-MnS在全光谱下的产氢速率明显提高, 其中γ-MnS在全光谱下具有最大的光解H₂S制氢活性, 其产氢速率可达 2272.69 μmol/(g·h)。值得注意的是, 在6 h的光催化测试过程中, α, γ-MnS都展示较好的抗光腐蚀能力和光催化稳定性。此外, 对α, γ-MnS光催化分解H₂S制氢机理进行了分析, 通过对α, γ-MnS光电化学性质的研究, 对其光催化活性存在差异的原因进行了探讨。     

Ⅱ型滑移开裂行为下竹胶板单搭接结构力学特性

为研究竹胶板的剪切滑移力学行为与失效机理,建立竹胶板单搭接结构Ⅱ型滑移开裂数值模型,考虑非线性接触,利用无厚度cohesive黏聚力行为模拟黏接层损伤失效,从极限失效载荷、剥离应力及剪切应力角度分析单搭接结构在位移载荷作用下发生剪切滑移失效的演化规律,探究了竹胶板厚度、黏接长度、位移载荷量对搭接结构失效机制影响规律。结果表明,竹胶板厚度越小,搭接面沿长度两侧剥离失效越剧烈,一定范围内的竹板厚度增加可提高单搭接结构胶合能力;随着搭接长度增加,极限失效载荷增长率下降,搭接面上出现更多胶层界面黏合破坏区域,混合破坏模式更加明显,而自由边长度对搭接效果无显著影响;搭接面剥离失效占比随位移载荷增加而增加。研究结果可为竹材的胶合结构设计提供理论依据。     

热输入对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响

目的 研究热输入对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响,控制微弧氧化过程中的能量消耗。方法 在TC4钛合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层时,通过改变热输入来形成不同的热效应,采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪分析在不同热输入下所制备膜层的表面形貌、截面形貌、元素分布和相组成,测试热输入对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果 热输入影响了膜层生成过程中的离子传输,提高了膜层中Ti原子与O原子的比值,有利于TiO2膜层的生成,但过高的热输入会使参与反应的Ti、O原子减少,从而降低膜层的生长速率。膜层的厚度随着热输入的增大先由18.53 μm增加至21.56 μm,随后减小至17.67 μm,膜层主要相的组成为Rutile、Anatase及少量SiO2。通过改变热输入提高了膜层的耐腐蚀性能,其腐蚀速率从4.516×10^–3 mm/a逐渐减小至3.109×10^–4 mm/a。膜层表面的耐磨性能随着热输入的增大呈先增加后降低的趋势。结论 当热输入为140 W时,膜层的厚度最高,耐磨性能最佳,同时具备良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

保温时间对瞬时液相扩散连接的Ti3Al /Ti2AlNb接头微观结构及力学性能的影响

采用Ni-Ti复合箔片作为中间层,在990 ℃、低连接压力（0.1 MPa）下,通过瞬时液相（TLP）扩散连接制备了Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb异种合金接头。分析了保温时间（10~90 min）对Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头微观结构及力学性能的影响,并研究了TLP扩散连接接头的界面演变和形成机制。结果表明,Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头具有典型的“Ti₃Al | Al_0.5Nb_0.5Ti₃ | 残余 Ni | NiTi | NiTi₂ | 残余 Ti | Al_0.5Nb_0.5Ti₃ | Ti₂AlNb”多层梯度结构。随着保温时间的延长,接头的抗剪切强度先增大后减小,当保温时间达到60 min时,Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头的抗剪切强度最大,达到167±12 MPa。另外,接头的断裂主要发生在Ti₂AlNb/Ti附近的NiTi₂层,并向Ti层延伸,呈现出脆性断裂的特征。     

粉末包埋法制备NbC涂层在不同钢基体上的生长动力学和摩擦性能

采用粉末包埋法,以铁铌粉、氯化铵和氧化铝为主要原料,在不同温度（1123~1273 K）、不同处理时长（1~4 h）下分别研究了NbC涂层在40Cr和45钢上的生长动力学过程及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：涂层结构致密且与基体界面结合良好,主要由NbC相组成。在40Cr和45钢基体上,涂层厚度分别为1.703±0.285~8.457±0.240和1.987±0.355~9.247±0.275 μm。生长动力学研究表明,涂层生长受扩散过程控制,厚度与时间呈抛物线变化关系;在40Cr和45钢基体上,NbC相生长过程的活化能分别为113.80和102.76 kJ/mol。在1273 K下保温4 h,NbC涂层的硬度可达21 560 MPa以上,为钢基体硬度的5.49~8.06倍。以GCr15钢球作为对磨材料,测得40Cr/NbC和45钢/NbC材料的平均摩擦系数分别为0.393和0.342,而基体的平均摩擦系数为NbC涂层的1.3~1.6倍。NbC涂层的体积磨损率约为钢基体的34.9%~37.5%,表明NbC涂层具有优异的耐磨减磨性能,其摩擦磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损。     

Photoinduced non-oxidative coupling of methane over H-zeolites around room temperature

Photoinduced non-oxidative coupling of methane proceeded over H-form mordenite and ZSM-5. The major product was C₂H₆, and the stoichiometric formation of H₂ was also revealed. The effects of the pretreatment temperature, Al content and H⁺ exchange level upon the activity suggested that the active sites were highly isolated framework Al–O units interacting with no metal cations.